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Thomas Baumgartner
Thomas Martin (Tom) Baumgartner (born ca. 1945) is a Swiss economist, known for his pioneering work in social systems theory with Walter F. Buckley, Tom R. Burns and others.
== Life and work ==
Baumgartner started his academic career at the University of New Hampshire, where he received his PhD in economics 1976 with the dissertation ''The political economy of international economic exchange and development : a systems approach to the structuring of the international economic system''.
After his promotion Baumgartner was affiliated with the University of Quebec at Montreal as visiting professor,〔Tom Burns, Walter Frederick Buckley (1978) ''Power and control: social structures and their transformation''. p. 215〕 with the University of Louvain in Belgium,〔Thomas Martin Baumgartner, Tom R. Burns, Philippe DeVille (1978) ''Power, Conflict, and Exchange in Social Life''. Vol. 2. p. 233〕 and with the Institute of Sociology of the University of Oslo,〔R. Felix Geyer, Hans van der Zouwen (1978) ''Sociocybernetics: an actor-oriented social systems approach''. Vol 1.〕〔Oystein Noreng (1980) ''The Oil Industry and government strategy in the North Sea''. p. 10〕 ending up as research consultant in Zurich, Switzerland, in the late 1980s,〔Felix Geyer, Johannes van der Zouwen (1986) ''Sociocybernetic Paradoxes: Observation, Control and Evolution of Self-Steering Systems''. p. 224〕 where in the 1990s he directed the Creato-network for environmental planning in Zurich.〔Peter H. Mettler, Thomas Martin Baumgartner (1997) ''Partizipation Als Entscheidungshilfe: Pardizipp, ein Verfahren der (Langfrist-)Planung und Zukunftsforschung'' General info〕
In the early 1970s Baumgartner collaborated with Tom R. Burns and a number of other researchers, such as Walter F. Buckley, Matthew Cooper, Philippe DeVille, David Meeker, and Bernard Gauci, among others.〔Ruth Wodak, Paul Paul Anthony Chilton (2005), ''A New Agenda in (critical) Discourse Analysis: Theory, Methodology and Interdisciplinarity.'' p.307〕 They have been developing a new theory complex, which came to be referred to as actor-system dynamics (ASD), a new social systems theory, substantially different from Parson's systems theory and the systems theory later developed by Niklas Luhmann.〔Tom R. Burns, Thomas Martin Baumgartner, Philippe DeVille (1985) ''Man, Decisions, Society: : The Theory of Actor-system Dynamics for Social Scientists''. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers.〕
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